Accuracy of Xpert® MTB/RIF for the detection of tuberculosis and rifampicin-resistance tuberculosis in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To systematically review the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert® Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (Xpert® MTB/RIF) for the detection of active tuberculosis (TB) and rifampicin-resistance TB in Chinese patients.@*METHODS@#Four Chinese databases (SinoMed, CNKI, WanFang database, and VIP) and three English databases (PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library) were searched from January 1, 2000 to September 15, 2017, to identify diagnostic tests about the accuracy of Xpert® MTB/RIF in Chinese patients. Two investigators screened the articles and extracted the information independently, and then the quality of each included study was evaluated by Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS)-2. Bivariate random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to pool the sensitivity and specificity. In addition, subgroup analyses were performed based on patient type (TB patient and TB suspected patient), sample type (sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and others). All statistical analyses were conducted with Stata version 13.0.@*RESULTS@#A total of 47 articles were included in this systematic review. Most of them (38 articles) were in Chinese and only 9 articles were in English. All the articles were published during 2014 to 2017, and the sample size ranged from 31 to 3 151. Forty articles including 42 comparisons about TB were finally included with the pooled sensitivity of 0.94 (95%CI: 0.92, 0.95) and the pooled specificity of 0.87 (95%CI: 0.84, 0.91). Subgroup analysis showed that different patient and specimen types had no significant differences on sensitivity, but the specificity of sputum group was higher than that of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. As for the detection of rifampicin-resistant TB, 33 articles (38 comparisons) were analyzed, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.92 (95%CI: 0.89, 0.94) and 0.98 (95%CI: 0.97, 0.99) respectively. There were no significant differences between the patient and specimen in the subgroup analyses. The Deeks funnel plot showed a possible publication bias for detecting active tuberculosis (P=0.08) and no publication bias for rifampicin-resistant TB (P=0.24). The likelihood ratio scatter gram showed that in clinical applications, Xpert® MTB/RIF had a good diagnostic ability for detecting active tuberculosis, and it had good clinical diagnostic value in detecting rifampicin-resistant TB.@*CONCLUSION@#Xpert® MTB/RIF has good sensitivity and specificity in detecting TB and rifampicin-resistant TB in Chinese people. In particular, it has good clinical value in diagnosing rifampicin-resistance TB.

Quality assessment of global guidelines on colorectal cancer screening / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To systematically review and assess the quality of guidelines on colorectal cancer screening worldwide to provide guidance for the development of high-quality colorectal cancer screening guidelines in mainland China.@*METHODS@#CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched to identify guidelines on colorectal cancer screening from inception to Jun. 20th, 2018, and so were some websites and major search engines about the development of the guidelines from the existing literature (search date: Aug. 3rd, 2018). Two experienced reviewers independently examined these abstracts and then extracted information, and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) were used to evaluate the methodological quality of these guidelines by four well trained reviewers.@*RESULTS@#In this study, 46 guidelines published from 1994 to 2018 were finally included in our analysis from 10 countries and 5 regions, among which 5 were from mainland China. The quality of these guidelines was relatively high in domain 1 (scope and purpose) and domain 4 (clarity of presentation), and medium in domain 2 (stakeholder involvement). While in the other three domains (domain 3: rigour of development; domain 5: applicability; domain 6: editorial independence), the results were quite different among these guidelines. The quality of evidence-based guidelines (defined by the criteria based on World Health Organization guideline development handbook) was generally higher than that of the common guidelines. Existing guidelines from mainland China were not evidence-based guidelines, which were of low quality.@*CONCLUSION@#The colorectal cancer screening guidelines all over the world are generally large in number, low in quality, different in statements, and so are the guidelines in China. There are no evidence-based guidelines in mainland China, which cannot provide effective guidance for colorectal cancer screening, so we need to pay more attention to the establishment of guidelines with high quality and high credibility for colorectal cancer screening as well as for cancer screening based on the national condition, in order to provide reasonable guidance for practice in public health and improve the health conditions in our society.

Association between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Carotid Artery Disease in a Community-Based Chinese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases with a high prevalence in the general population. The association between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease has been well addressed in previous studies. However, whether NAFLD is associated with carotid artery disease in a community-based Chinese population remained unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between NAFLD and carotid artery disease.</p><p><b>Methods</b>A total of 2612 participants (1091 men and 1521 women) aged 40 years and older from Jidong of Tangshan city (China) were selected for this study. NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. The presence of carotid stenosis or plaque was evaluated by carotid artery ultrasonography. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between NAFLD and carotid artery disease.</p><p><b>Results</b>Participants with NAFLD have a higher prevalence of carotid stenosis (12.9% vs. 4.6%) and carotid plaque (21.9% vs. 15.0%) than those without NAFLD. After adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, income, physical activity, diabetes, hypertension, triglyceride, waist-hip ratio, and high-density lipoprotein, NAFLD is significantly associated with carotid stenosis (odds ratio [OR]: 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.45-2.91), but the association between NAFLD and carotid plaque is not statistically significant (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.8-1.40).</p><p><b>Conclusion</b>A significant association between NAFLD and carotid stenosis is found in a Chinese population.</p>

Myr-RKEFAK Peptide Selectively Regulates Outside-in Signaling Transduction-related Functions in Human Platelets / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of interaction of the talin rod domain integrin binding site 2 with integrin β3 on platelet signal transduction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A peptide that mimics the membrane proximal α helix 6 residues R724 KEFAK729 of the integrin β3 cytoplasmic tails was designed and synthesized, to which the myristoylation was covalently linked to the N-terminal of the peptide enabling membrane penetration. The effects of myr-RKEFAK peptide on the typical platelet outside-in signaling ovent (stable adhesion and spreading on immobilized fibrinogen, aggregation, fibrin clot retraction) and inside-out signaling events (soluble fibrinogen binding) were tested.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>myr-RKEFAK peptide dose-dependently inhibited platelet stable adhesion and spreading on immobilized fibrinogen, irreversible aggregation, as well as fibrin clot retraction, but not soluble fibrinogen binding and reversible phase of platelet aggregation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The cell-penetrating peptide myr-RKEFAK causes an inhibitory effect on integrin β3 outside-in signaling-regulated platelets functions, but did not affect inside-out signaling-regulated platelets functions.</p>

Effect of the Integrin β3 Cytoplasmic NITY Motif on α II bβ3-Mediated Cell Functions in CHO Cell Model / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>UNLABELLED</b>OBJLECTIVE: To investigate the effect of integrin β3 cytoplasmic NITY motif on αIIbβ3-mediated cell functions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Stable Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines that co-express human wild type integrin αIIb and wild type β3 or mutant β3ΔNITY (β3 deleting cytoplasmic NITY motif) were established. Expression of αIIb and β3 were tested by Western blot and flow cytometry in CHO cell lines. Spreading and adhesion of stable cell lines on immobilized fibrinogen were examined. The co-immunoprecipitation was used to detect protein interactions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CHO-αIIbβ3, CHO-αIIbβ3ΔNITY cells were successfully established. The CHO cells transfected with wild type αIIbβ3 had the ability of adhesion and spreading. Compared with CHO-αIIbβ3 cells, CHO-αIIbβ3ΔNITY cells showed an impaired capacity of adhesion but no significant difference was observed in spreading of adhered cells. The co-immunoprecipitation showed that kindlin-2 associated with wild type integrin αIIbβ3. The β3ΔNITY mutation substantially reduced kindlin-2 association.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Deletion of NITY motif causes an impaired ability of adhesion. The deletion mutation can suppress kindlin-2 binding to integrin β3, thereby partially inhibit the integrin β3 signaling.</p>